There is a bug that sometimes occurs in Acrobat installed with CS6. It will work initially, but quit working after 30 days. At that time, any attempts to launch Acrobat do not launch the program. Task manager also shows the program is not running.
Adobe provides three ways to fix this bug. I was able to fix mine by downloading and extracting Acrofix.zip, then right-clicking Acrofix.exe and selecting “Run as Administrator.”
Original article from Adobe with link to download Acrofix.zip:
http://helpx.adobe.com/creative-suite/kb/acrobat-failed-launch-30-days.html